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- В этой теме 28 ответов, 2 участника, последнее обновление 11 лет, 3 месяца назад сделано
albatross.
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6 ноября, 2014 в 9:31 пп #52689
eesss
УчастникQuote:6 эпизодов. Очень мощный, документальный фильм, который стоит посмотреть каждому. Полная история задумки, проектирования, создания и функционирования самого большого за всю мировую историю места умерщвления людей, самого страшного лагеря смерти, созданного нацистами для выполнения одной из своих главных поставленных задач: «очищения мира от еврейского ига.»
1,274,166 было убито в 4 лагерях смерти в одном только 1942 году. Треблинка. Собибор. Майданек. Бельзек. В Треблинке 99% попавших в нее погибали в первые два часа по прибытию. Газовая камера Треблинки, которой гордился лично Гиммлер, вмещала до 3000 человек. Только в 1942 в этом лагере смерти было убито 713,555 человек. Но самым большим центром уничтожения людей стал Аушвиц. Более 1,300,000 прошло через Аушвиц за четыре с половиной года его существования. Более 1,100,000 остались там навечно. А теперь остановитесь хотя бы на несколько секунд и вдумайтесь в это число. В Аушвице целиком погиб Нижний Новгород. Или Екатеринбург. Или Новосибирск. Или Челябинск. В числе погибших было 15 тысяч пленных бойцов Красной армии. 21 тысяча цыган. 70 тысяч польских политзаключенных. И более миллиона евреев. Из этого более миллиона 200 тысяч — дети.
[youtube]gHo1r5hx1wk[/youtube]
Quote:Франция своими руками выдала немцам своих граждан только потому, что они были евреями. После нескольких облав в Париже евреи были собраны перед отправкой в немецкие лагеря, их дети были отделены от родителей. Первые 4100 детей были немедленно отправлены в Аушвиц. Все 4100 погибли. Недавно организованное государство Словакия старалось выслужиться перед новыми вершителями мира, отправив эшелонами в немецкие лагеря смерти более 60 тысяч своих евреев, вдобавок заплатив Германии за каждого из них по 500 рейсхмарок. В Польше до начала войны проживало более 3,474,000 евреев. 30% населения Варшавы составляли евреи. После войны в живых осталось менее 300,000 польских евреев, более 90% польских евреев не дожило до конца войны. В 1944 году пришел черед Венгрии. 75% от каждого состава, шедшего с венгерскими евреями в Аушвиц, тут же отправлялись в газовые камеры. Все эти числа просто не укладываются в голове.
В отличие от Франции, Польши, Словакии и Венгрии Италия, Болгария и Румыния воспротивились выдаче и высылке своих евреев в концлагеря. Но круче всех поступила Дания, которая переправила в нейтральную Швецию почти всех своих евреев перед моментом их высылки в лагеря смерти. Причем в этой операции участвовали не только простые датчане, но и датская полиция. 95% датских евреев было спасено.
Аушвиц с приходом туда «доктора» Менгеле превратился в место для «медицинских» экспериментов любого рода и сорта. Больше всего Менгеле любил опыты на близнецах. Как только один из близнецов умирал от его экспериментов, другого тут же умерщвляли чтобы сравнить все анализы и параметры обоих.
Quote:В 1994 году я попал в недавно открывшийся Холокост музей в Вашингтоне. Там было (и есть) тьма воистину страшных материалов — свидетельств нацистского кошмара. Но одно место проняло меня просто до нутра, нестрашное место на первый взгляд. Переход из одного зала в другой, а между ними колодец-шахта, поднимающаяся из далекой темноты подземелья и уходящая в высь, растворяясь в солнечном свете под стеклянным потолком.

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6 ноября, 2014 в 9:44 пп #72790
albatross
Участник[youtube]CIQp31Oyn70[/youtube] -
6 ноября, 2014 в 10:20 пп #72791
albatross
Участник[youtube]HfpO-WBz_mw[/youtube] -
6 ноября, 2014 в 10:51 пп #72792
eesss
УчастникQuote:Holocaust: Dachau and Sachsenhausen, Ravensbruck and Buchenwald, The Liberation of Auschwitz, The Liberation of Majdanek — 4 диска с краткими историями каждого из 6 страшнейших лагерей и их освобождением.
Хочу отметить только два момента. Диск The Liberation of Auschwitz целиком состоит из документальных кадров военного оператора,
капитана Александра Воронцова и коротких кадров с его пояснениями об этих съемках. Никакой озвучки, никакой музыки, никакого редактирования. Съемкам нет цены. Особо подчеркну один момент, который попадает в «открытое пространство» впервые: недели через три после прихода в Аушвиц, советское руководство решает использовать сам факт освобождения Красной Армией самого ужасного лагеря смерти в пропагандистских целях. В лагере чинятся все сломанные ворота, вешается назад кое-где сорванная колючая проволока, у которой режиссером действия выстраивается толпа «заключенных» (на самом деле, частично там были заключенные, все еще находившиеся в лагере для лечения, а также переодетые в полосатое местные жители, которые своим видом никак на заключенных не тянули — присмотритесь к фотографии женщин в бараке ниже и сравните их с теми, кто снят на реальных фото освобождения концлагерей), оператором снимается как из леса выходят бравые бойцы Красной Армии, и как «заключенные» начинают ломать ворота изнутри, подкидывать шапки, махать руками и восторженно кричать приветствия бойцам. Часть «заключенных», играющих обессиленных узников, находится на нарах в бараках, в которые врываются удальцы-красноармейцы. На самом же деле в реальные первые кадры входа Красной Армии в Аушвиц попала небольшая абсолютно молчаливая толпа чудом уцелевших и с трудом стоявших на ногах скелетов с ввалившимися глазницами, жутким страхом во взгляде и отсутствием всяческого движения. Страшные кадры людей, ожидающих своей гибели и глядящих в неизвестность пустыми ничего не выражающими, кроме животного ужаса, глазами.
Видимо, уже посмотрев тот пропагандистский отснятый материал и пораскинув мозгами, кто-то там «наверху» распорядился не пускать фальшивку в ход, настолько у нее торчали наружу «белые нитки». Но сам факт этой задумки…
В противоположность этому советскому замыслу, американцы, освободившие Дахау, поступили иначе. В Дахау был такой эпизод в истории освобождения лагеря — на подъездных путях стоял эшелон, пришедший туда из Бухенвальда буквально за два дня до прихода американцев. Два дня к эшелону никто не подходил — было не до того, эсэсовцы жгли и вывозили документы, угоняли колонны узников на запад, взрывали печи прямо с останками людей, взрывали бараки и склады. Когда Дахау освободили американцы и вышли к железнодорожным путям, то обнаружили состав с товарными вагонами. Откатившим в стороны двери вагонов открылась страшная картина — ни одного выжившего в этом составе из Бухенвальда не было. Помимо этого поезда весь лагерь был усеян трупами, лежавшими прямо на улице, тысячами трупов в бараках и других зданиях и едва передвигавшимися по лагерю скелетами. Увидев это, американцы силком согнали в лагерь население нескольких прилегавших к Дахау городов. Всех, кто там был. И провели по лагерю, заставив пройти от и до — и по баракам и по жд составу, по крематориям, везде. И все это снимали на камеру — лица пожилых немцев, женщин и подростков, увидевших своими глазами деяния нацистов. Скажете — жестоко? Наверное. Но страна должна была видеть за что она ратовала, за кого голосовала и кем восторгалась, к чему вели страну ее лидеры и к чему в итоге привели.
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7 ноября, 2014 в 3:58 дп #72793
albatross
УчастникTWAIN, MARK (S. L. Clemens). 19th century American writer. «In the U.S. cotton states, after the war . . . the Jew came down in force, set up shop on the plantation, supplied all the Negroes’ wants on credit, and at the end of the season was the proprietor of the Negro’s share of the present crop and part of the next one. Before long, the whites detested the Jew. 1). The Jew is being legislated out of Russia. The reason is not concealed. The movement was instituted because the Christian peasant stood no chance against his commercial abilities. The Jew was always ready to lend on a crop. When settlement day came, he owned the crop; the next year he owned the farm — like Joseph.
2). In the England of John’s time everybody got into debt to the Jew. He gathered all lucrative enterprises into his hands. He was the King of Commerce. He had to be banished from the realm. For like reasons, Spain had to banish him 400 years ago, and Austria a couple of centuries later. In all ages Christian Europe has been obliged to curtail his activities. If he entered upon a trade, the Christian had to retire from it. If he set up as a doctor, he took the business. If he exploited agriculture, the other farmers had to get at something else. The law had to step in to save the Christian from the poor-house. Still, almost bereft of employments, he found ways to make money. Even to get rich. This history has a most sordid and practical commercial look. Religious prejudices may account for one part of it, bit not for the other nine. Protestants have persecuted Catholics — but they did not take their livelihoods away from them. Catholics have persecuted Protestants — but they never closed agriculture and the handicrafts against them. I feel convinced that the Crucifixion has not much to do with the world’s attitude toward the Jew; that the reasons for it are much older than that event . . . I am convinced that the persecution of the Jew is not in any large degree due to religious prejudice. No, the Jew is a money-getter. He made it the end and aim of his life. He was at it in Rome. He has been at it ever since. His success has made the whole human race his enemy. You will say that the Jew is everywhere numerically feeble. When I read in the Cyclopedia Britannica that the Jewish population in the United States was 250,000 I wrote the editor and explained to him that I was personally acquainted with more Jews than that, and that his figures were without doubt a misprint for 25,000,000. People told me that they had reasons to suspect that for business reasons, many Jews did not report themselves as Jews. It looks plausible. I am strongly of the opinion that we have an immense Jewish population in America. I am assured by men competent to speak that the Jews are exceedingly active in politics. («Concerning the Jews,» Harper’s Monthly Magazine, September 1899)
Twain’s opinion on the Jews is probably the best-kept secret in American literary history. Immediately after his death, his eccentric daughter Clara married — or was married by — the Jewish piano player, Ossip Galbrilowitsch. Twain’s publishers were given speedy instructions to delete «Concerning the Jews» from the collected works, where it had appeared in the book The Man that Corrupted Hadleybury & Other Stories.
1). Since Jews provided most of the agitators and orators who pushed forward the Abolition campaign that culminated in the Civil War (which Jewish bankers largely financed, on both sides), it seems a legitimate question whether there was any preplanning for the wholesale — and retail — economic looting done by mainly Jewish carpetbaggers after the war.
2). We have cited a host of other writers on the terrible economic depredation that Jewry visited on the people of Tzarist Russia
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7 ноября, 2014 в 4:00 дп #72794
albatross
УчастникVOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet) 18th century French philosopher, writer. «Why are the Jews hated? It is the inevitable result of their laws; they either have to conquer everybody or be hated by the whole human race . . .» «The Jewish nation dares to display an irreconcilable hatred toward all nations, and revolts against all masters; always superstitious, always greedy for the well-being enjoyed by others, always barbarous — cringing in misfortune and insolent in prosperity.» (Essai sur le Moeurs) «You seem to me to be the maddest of the lot. The Kaffirs, the Hottentots, and the Negroes of Guinea are much more reasonable and more honest people than your ancestors, the Jews. You have surpassed all nations in impertinent fables in bad conduct and in barbarism. You deserve to be punished, for this is your destiny.» (From a letter to a Jew who had written to him, complaining of his ‘anti-Semitism.’ Examen des Quelques Objections . . . dans L’Essai sur le Moeurs.)
«You will only find in the Jews an ignorant and barbarous people, who for a long time have joined the most sordid avarice to the most detestable superstition and to the most invincible hatred of all peoples which tolerate and enrich them.» («Juif,» Dictionnaire Philosophique)
«I know that there are some Jews in the English colonies. These marranos go wherever there is money to be made . . . But whether these circumcised who sell old clothes claim that they are of the tribe of Naphtali or Issachar is not of the slightest importance. They are, simply, the biggest scoundrels who have ever dirtied the face of the earth.» (Letter to Jean-Baptiste Nicolas de Lisle de Sales, December 15, 1773. Correspondence. 86:166)
«They are, all of them, born with raging fanaticism in their hearts, just as the Bretons and the Germans are born with blond hair. I would not be in the least bit surprised if these people would not some day become deadly to the human race.» (Lettres de Memmius a Ciceron, 1771)
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7 ноября, 2014 в 4:01 дп #72795
albatross
УчастникThis prophecy, by Benjamin Franklin, was made in a «CHIT CHAT AROUND THE TABLE DURING INTERMISSION,» at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention of 1787. This statement was recorded in the dairy of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, a delegate from South Carolina. «I fully agree with General Washington, that we must protect this young nation from an insidious influence and impenetration. The menace, gentlemen, is the Jews. In whatever country Jews have settled in any great number, they have lowered its moral tone; depreciated its commercial integrity; have segregated themselves and have not been assimilated; have sneered at and tried to undermine the Christian religion upon which that nation is founded, by objecting to its restrictions; have built up a state within the state; and when opposed have tried to strangle that country to death financially, as in the case of Spain and Portugal. For over 1,700 years, the Jews have been bewailing their sad fate in that they have been exiled from their homeland, as they call Palestine. But gentlemen, did the world give it to them in fee simple, they would at once find some reason for not returning. Why? Because they are vampires, and vampires do not live on vampires. They cannot live only among themselves. They must subsist on Christians and other people not of their race. If you do not exclude them from these United States, in their Constitution, in less than 200 years they will have swarmed here in such great numbers that they will dominate and devour the land and change our form of government, for which we Americans have shed our blood, given our lives our substance and jeopardized our liberty. If you do not exclude them, in less than 200 years our descendants will be working in the fields to furnish them substance, while they will be in the counting houses rubbing their hands. I warn you, gentlemen, if you do not exclude Jews for all time, your children will curse you in your graves. -
7 ноября, 2014 в 4:14 дп #72796
eesss
УчастникУспокойся , колян Из мезозойской ничего про евреев нет?
1787- неубедительно.
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7 ноября, 2014 в 4:27 дп #72797
albatross
УчастникHENRY FORD in (The Dearborn Independent, 12-19 February 1921 «Jews have always controlled the business . . . The motion picture influence of the United States and Canada . . . is exclusively under the control, moral and financial, of the Jewish manipulators of the public mind.» -
7 ноября, 2014 в 4:35 дп #72799
albatross
УчастникIn 2010, Oliver Stone said that “Jewish domination of the media” prevents Americans from putting the Holocaust in context … Hitler was the product of industrialists and that the Nazi invasion of Russia caused more deaths than the Holocaust.
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7 ноября, 2014 в 5:03 дп #72798
eesss
Участникalbatross wrote:In 2010, Oliver Stone said that “Jewish domination of the media” prevents Americans from putting the Holocaust in context …
Hitler was the product of industrialists and that the Nazi invasion of Russia caused more deaths than the Holocaust.
albatross wrote:HENRY FORD in (The Dearborn Independent, 12-19 February 1921 «Jews have always controlled the business . . . The motion picture influence of the United States and Canada . . . is exclusively under the control, moral and financial, of the Jewish manipulators of the public mind.»
интересно, при чем тут миллионы убытых нацистами гражданских людей?мож адвильчику, старик?
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7 ноября, 2014 в 5:07 дп #72800
albatross
Участникeesss wrote:
интересно, при чем тут миллионы убытых нацистами гражданских людей?
😯 🙄 ➡ 😈 -
7 ноября, 2014 в 5:08 дп #72801
eesss
Участникalbatross wrote:eesss wrote:
интересно, при чем тут миллионы убытых нацистами гражданских людей?
😯 🙄 ➡ 😈
чего вылупился? -
7 ноября, 2014 в 5:09 дп #72802
albatross
Участникeesss wrote:albatross wrote:eesss wrote:
интересно, при чем тут миллионы убытых нацистами гражданских людей?
😯 🙄 ➡ 😈
чего вылупился?

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7 ноября, 2014 в 6:39 дп #72803
albatross
УчастникMARTIN LUTHER, Table Talk of Martin Luther, translated by William Hazlet, page 43 «But the Jews are so hardened that they listen to nothing; though overcome by testimonies they yield not an inch. It is a pernicious race, oppressing all men by their usury and rapine. If they give a prince or magistrate a thousand florins, they extort twenty thousand from the subjects in payment. We must ever keep on guard against them. -
7 ноября, 2014 в 7:06 дп #72804
albatross
УчастникВ каждой шутке Коломойского есть доля шутки._

[img]http://s017.radikal.ru/i422/1411/73/ab53194742e4.jpg [/img] 
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7 ноября, 2014 в 7:14 дп #72805
albatross
УчастникWASHINGTON, GEORGE, in Maxims of George Washington by A. A. Appleton & Co. «They (the Jews) work more effectively against us, than the enemy’s armies. They are a hundred times more dangerous to our liberties and the great cause we are engaged in… It is much to be lamented that each state, long ago, has not hunted them down as pest to society and the greatest enemies we have to the happiness of America.» -
7 ноября, 2014 в 7:15 дп #72806
eesss
Участниквторое дыхание открылось? Go антисемит Go!
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7 ноября, 2014 в 7:17 дп #72807
albatross
УчастникJEFFERSON, THOMAS. 18th century American statesman. «Dispersed as the Jews are, they still form one nation, foreign to the land they live in.» (D. Boorstin, THE AMERICANS) -
7 ноября, 2014 в 7:18 дп #72808
albatross
УчастникFRANZ LISZT, famed composer quoted in Col. E. N. Sanctuary’s Are These Things So?, page 278 «The day will come when all nations amidst which the Jews are dwelling will have to raise the question of their wholesale expulsion, a question which will be one of life or death, good health or chronic disease, peaceful existence or perpetual social fever.» -
7 ноября, 2014 в 7:18 дп #72809
albatross
УчастникSENECA (Lucius Annaeus Seneca). First century Roman philosopher. «The customs of that most criminal nation have gained such strength that they have now been received in all lands. The conquered have given laws to the conquerors.» (De Superstitione) -
7 ноября, 2014 в 7:25 дп #72810
albatross
УчастникCICERO (Marcus Tullius Cicero). First century B.C. Roman statesman, writer. Cicero wrote: «The Jews belong to a dark and repulsive force. One knows how numerous this clique is, how they stick together and what power they exercise through their unions. They are a nation of rascals and deceivers.»
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7 ноября, 2014 в 6:22 пп #72811
eesss
УчастникGravestones at a Jewish cemetery in New Brunswick, New Jersey, were vandalized in early January. In all 499 gravestones were broken or knocked over in this crime. Four times in the past year the Holocaust Memorial in Belarus has been vandalized, most recently on Valentine’s Day, when the flowers around the memorial were set ablaze.
Political extremists in Russia attacked presidential contender and Putin-heir-apparent Dmitry Medvedev by claiming that his mother is Jewish, with one opposition leader stating, “It has nothing to do with anti-Semitism. I just think Russia’s president should be Russian.”
Such incidents only scratch the surface of a social problem which has been pervasive in character and global in scope for centuries. Today discussion of anti-Semitism can easily be lost in debates over Israel and the politics of the Middle East, but the simple fact is that a latent anti-Semitism continues to exist in Europe, North America, and elsewhere. While great strides have been made to eradicate it, the phenomenon has no intention of disappearing.
Quote:[I didn’t imagine nor could I believe that 60-plus years after the Shoah we would need to convene conferences – not to deal with anti-Semitism in a historic perspective as a lesson of the past – but as a current event, as a clear and present danger not in one geographic area but on a global scale.
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7 ноября, 2014 в 6:35 пп #72812
albatross
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8 ноября, 2014 в 6:39 дп #72813
albatross
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8 ноября, 2014 в 6:49 дп #72814
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8 ноября, 2014 в 7:07 дп #72815
albatross
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17 декабря, 2014 в 2:00 дп #72816
albatross
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7 января, 2015 в 2:47 дп #72817
albatross
УчастникИнтереснейшая статья про Ходорковского из следующего выпуска The New Yorker. Quote:Since that day of release and exile, Khodorkovsky has been living outside Zurich and travelling to capitals throughout the West, making speeches, accepting awards, and hinting broadly at a return to Russia. He will tell anyone who asks that, after a decade in various prison camps, he would not mind displacing the man who sent him there—Vladimir Putin…
Still, Khodorkovsky is preparing for a revolution, convinced that Putin, despite his overwhelming popularity and his support inside the military and the security services, will soon fall from power…
One of his allies is busy working on a post-Putin constitution. Less than a year out of prison, Khodorkovsky has grandly declared that he would guarantee Putin’s safety if he left power peacefully…
After a long day in Paris spent talking to Russian activists and discussing his Presidential ambitions, Khodorkovsky and a few members of his team made their way to Brasserie Lipp, the French establishment’s old standby across town, on Boulevard-Saint-Germain. Khodorkovsky skipped the Bordeaux and foie gras, ordering instead a large glass of vodka and herring with potatoes. He was happy and relaxed. His thoughts were turning to an upcoming trip to New York and Washington. Since he’d already declared his desire to run Russia, someone at the table asked him a question posed to all contemporary politicians: how did he feel about gay marriage? “You know, people are like lemmings,” Khodorkovsky said, his eyes twinkling behind rimless glasses. “Whenever there get to be too many of them, they always find ways of limiting their reproduction.”
Khodorkovsky offered opinions on a number of issues that evening. He thought Obama was too much of a lawyer. He told a couple of salty stories from tyuryaga, “the clink.” He recalled with fondness an old acquaintance, the unfortunate Kenneth Lay, the late C.E.O. of Enron, who was, in Khodorkovsky’s estimation, a thumbs-up kind of guy. The whistle-blowers in that case outraged him: why did people glorify cowardly spies and traitors, and put them on magazine covers? Maria Logan, one of Khodorkovsky’s lawyers, who was in charge of dealing with foreign reporters, looked increasingly pained as her eyes darted from Khodorkovsky to me and back again. “Mikhail Borisovich,” she said, with a strained laugh, “we need to talk—especially before your trip to America!”…
Khodorkovsky told the journalist Chrystia Freeland that all he ever wanted was to become a “red director,” the manager of a large Soviet factory. His father is Jewish, so that career path was unrealistic, but Khodorkovsky learned how to exploit a loophole in the changing way that the Soviet Union financed itself, and that was how he made his fortune. The scheme was described by David Hoffman, then the Washington Post’s Moscow bureau chief, in his book “The Oligarchs.” In 1987, a year after graduating from the institute, Khodorkovsky used his Komsomol connections to get seed capital and open a small business. It took the largely useless virtual credits that the central planners issued to Soviet factories and converted them into highly valuable hard currency. By 1988, when the average salary in the Soviet Union was around a hundred rubles a month, Khodorkovsky’s firm was raking in millions. With two and a half million rubles, he founded Menatep Bank.
By 1989, he had opened an offshore bank account in Switzerland, one of the first of the Russian oligarchs to do so. (Khodorkovsky denies this, saying that he didn’t open his first personal account in the West until 1997.) Through Menatep, Freeland writes, in her book “Sale of the Century,” Khodorkovsky and his business partners bought computers abroad and sold them at home for many times their original value. He also began to import other goods—fake Napoleon cognac, stonewashed jeans—with which he laundered Soviet credits, transforming them into cash. He was exploiting the very system he had served as a Komsomol leader.
In 1992, just after the Soviet Union fell, Khodorkovsky and his partners published a manifesto called “Man with a Ruble,” which declared, “Our compass is profit. Our idol is the financial majesty, capital.”…
Boris Yeltsin’s post-Soviet government implemented radical market reforms but instituted almost no legal structure to control them. Khodorkovsky was perfectly positioned to take advantage. Menatep became an official bank for the Russian Ministry of Finance. Here, too, Khodorkovsky identified a lucrative loophole. One of his lieutenants at Menatep bragged about the scheme to Hoffman. The Ministry of Finance would deposit, say, six hundred million dollars in Menatep Bank, to be disbursed to pay salaries in the regions. Menatep would delay those payments and funnel the six hundred million into high-yield investments for three weeks. In that time, salaries in the regions went unpaid, but Menatep earned millions on the investment…
Khodorkovsky began to amass the bulk of his wealth in 1995, when the oligarchs devised a scheme by which their banks lent money to the Yeltsin government, which was desperate for cash. In exchange for the loan, the banks would hold shares of handpicked state enterprises as collateral. If the government defaulted on the loans, as everyone involved knew it would, the banks would be allowed to sell off the collateral in order to recover their money. Khodorkovsky, who had set his sights on the oil enterprises that were unified under the name Yukos, lent the government $159 million in exchange for forty-five per cent of Yukos. When the government inevitably defaulted, Menatep organized an auction to sell off the collateral––Yukos. With some maneuvering, Khodorkovsky was able to shut foreign investors out of an initial auction, and then disqualified a troika of domestic participants… two years later, Yukos, a company that Menatep had effectively sold to itself, was valued at nine billion dollars.[/color]
Then, according to an article published in Foreign Affairs, in 2000, by Lee Wolosky, who was at the time the deputy director of the Economic Task Force on Russia at the Council on Foreign Relations, Yukos began using a tactic called transfer pricing. Yukos would buy oil from the extraction companies at an artificially low price and sell it abroad at the much higher market price. In early 1999, Yukos bought two hundred and forty million barrels of oil from its subsidiaries for $1.70 a barrel. It sold the oil abroad for fifteen dollars a barrel. In the first half of that year alone, according to Wolosky, Yukos made eight hundred million dollars.Khodorkovsky says that this was not illegal under Russian law at the time…
Instead of paying taxes, which could have been used to repair the decaying Soviet infrastructure, Khodorkovsky and his colleagues were depositing the funds in an offshore network. “Whole regions of Russia are being impoverished” by such tactics…
Vladimir Petukhov, the mayor of Neftyugansk, where Yukos had its main production facility, appealed to the Kremlin to investigate Yukos’s practices. In May, 1998, he led a protest in Neftyugansk that disrupted a Yukos shareholders’ meeting. Several weeks later, he was shot to death on the street. Police labelled the murder a contract killing. Khodorkovsky has consistently denied any role in Petukhov’s death and has never been charged with the murder. His former chief of security, however, is serving a life sentence for it …
When, in 1998, the Russian government defaulted on its debt, provoking a severe economic crisis, Yukos barely survived. According to Hoffman, Khodorkovsky was deeply in debt to Western banks, and he dodged his creditors. One of his tactics involved the transfer of almost all Yukos’s assets to obscure shell companies, which left his American shareholders and his Western creditors holding only the company’s debt. Another involved flooding the market with millions of new Yukos shares, diluting Western shareholders out of existence.
Despite the dubious business dealings and the less than altruistic push to democratize Russia, Khodorkovsky became Russia’s most famous political prisoner. For years, his lawyers smuggled to Russian and Western newspapers high-minded treatises that he had written. Khodorkovsky also funded an effective public-relations operation, with representatives all over the world. He exchanged letters with well-known liberal intellectuals such as the novelists Boris Akunin and Lyudmila Ulitskaya and the Polish dissident Adam Michnik. Whenever Khodorkovsky’s lawyers had a hearing in Moscow, crowds of supporters showed up to rally at the courthouse. Suddenly, the man who nearly everyone believed had fleeced the country of billions had become for Russian liberals a symbol of Kremlin persecution…
A couple of weeks later, in early October, Khodorkovsky went on a political tour of Washington and New York. He gave the keynote speech at a meeting of Freedom House, in Washington. He dined with Washington’s foreign-policy establishment and complained about what he saw as the Obama Administration’s weakness in the face of Putin’s increasingly aggressive foreign policy. In New York, at the Council on Foreign Relations, he appealed to the U.S. to return to a position of moral strength, recalling the simple verities of the Cold War…
What did he have in mind for Russia? He was looking for “points of consolidation.” He wanted to unite the ten or fifteen per cent of Russians who are Western “adaptants,”…
As for his sins, he said, “My answer is very simple: ‘Guys, I’ve done my time. And other people’s time. And done time for all your notions of morality.’ And, to those who say I should’ve done more time, you try doing ten years. But I have the kind of experience that a lot of people don’t. I have managerial experience, I have the experience of managing in a crisis, I have the experience of surviving in a complicated situation, and look: success, success, success, success. Yes, in the confrontation with the machine of state, I lost. I apologize for that.” He looked at me, pleased with his answer, and crushed the empty Red Bull can.
When I asked him about Putin, he replied, “There were a couple of instances in prison when I said, ‘It’s better for you to not do this, because if you do this, you’d better kill me.’ ” As he spoke, his voice diminished nearly to a whisper. Employees of Yukos used to say that, when you can barely hear Khodorkovsky, that’s when he is at his angriest. “I just don’t like games without rules. Either you play by the rules or you play without rules. There’s no middle ground.”
[link]http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/12/remote-control-2[/link]
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